In Bootstrap 4, px has been replaced with rem for the primary unit of measure. If you are unfamiliar with rem it stands for root em. Rem is a relative unit of measure where pixels are fixed. Rem looks at the value for font-size on the root element in your stylesheet. It then uses your value declaration, in rems, to determine the computer pixel value. Let's use an example to make this easier to understand:

 
html { 
font-size: 24px; 
} 
 
p { 
font-size: 2rem; 
} 
 

In this case, the computed font-size for the <p> tag would be 48px. This is different from the em unit because ems will be affected by wrapping elements that may have a different size. However, rem takes a simpler approach and just calculates everything from the root HTML element. It removes the size cascading that can occur when using ems and nested, complicated elements. This may sound confusing, but it is actually easier to use em units. Just remember your root font-size and use that when figuring out your rem values.

What this means for migration is that you will need to go through your stylesheet and change any px or em values to use ems. You'll need to recalculate everything to make sure it fits the new format if you want to maintain the same look and feel for your project.