Whether they are animal sightings, accident locations, or general points of interest, many point datasets can be interpreted more easily by visualizing the point density using a heatmap. In this recipe, we will estimate the density of POIs in Wake county to find areas with a high density.
Load the poi_names_wake.shp POI dataset from our sample data. Make sure that the Heatmap plugin, which comes with QGIS by default, is enabled in Plugin Manager.
Using the following steps, we can calculate the POI heatmap:
1000 meters.
The search radius, which is also known as the kernel bandwidth, determines how smooth the heatmap will look because it sets the distance around each point at which the influence of the point will be felt. Therefore, smaller radius values result in heatmaps that display finer details, while larger values result in smoother heatmaps.
Besides the kernel bandwidth, there are also different kernel shapes to choose from. The kernel shape controls the rate at which the influence of a point decreases with increasing distance from the point. The kernel shapes that are available in the Heatmap plugin can be seen in the following figures. For example, a Triweight kernel (the first on the bottom row) creates smaller hotspots than the Epanechnikov kernel (the second on the bottom) because the Triweight shape gives features a higher influence for distances that are closer to the point:

The triangular kernel shape can be further adjusted using the Decay ratio setting. In the preceding figure, you can see the shape for ratios of 0 (a solid red line), 0.5 (a dashed black line), and 1 (a dotted black line), which is equal to the uniform kernel shape. You can even specify values greater than 1. In this case, the influence of a feature will increase with the distance from the point.