You can find a great introduction to SVG at the SVG Basics website: http://www.svgbasics.com/, and the W3C’s own SVG Primer is a useful way to dig deeper: http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/IG/resources/svgprimer.html. MDN has a quite complete list of elements and attributes: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/SVG/.
The technique for stacking SVG icons was developed by Erik Dahlström and is described on the blog of Simurai: http://simurai.com/post/20251013889/svg-stacks/. Mozilla’s Robert O’Callahan warns of the possible changes to the stacking technique: http://robert.ocallahan.org/2012/10/impending-doom-for-svg-stacks-sort-of.html. I detailed the svgView() method on my blog, Broken Links: http://www.broken-links.com/2012/08/14/better-svg-sprites-with-fragment-identifiers/.
The IE Testdrive site has a good hands-on tool for experimenting with SVG Filter Effects: http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/graphics/hands-on-css3/hands-on_svg-filter-effects.htm.
Dirk Schulze wrote a good, concise introduction to the features planned for SVG2: http://dschulze.com/blog/articles/8/new-features-in-svg2/.
You can find a good range of canvas tutorials, from beginner to expert level, at http://www.html5canvastutorials.com/, and an excellent cheat sheet with all of the core properties and methods on Jacob Seidelin’s blog at http://blog.nihilogic.dk/2009/02/html5-canvas-cheat-sheet.html (last updated in 2009 but still relevant).
HTML5 Rocks has a tutorial on making more advanced image manipulation effects at http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/canvas/imagefilters/.
In his blog post “Building a Live Green Screen with getUserMedia() and MediaStreams,” Tim Taubert explains the basics of live video image manipulalation: http://timtaubert.de/blog/2012/10/building-a-live-green-screen-with-getusermedia-and-mediastreams/.
The Learning WebGL blog has lessons for complete beginners on working in a three-dimensional context in canvas at http://learningwebgl.com/lessons/, and WebGL.com has frequent roundups of demos, tutorials, and developer meet-ups: http://www.webgl.com/.