Although most of this book focuses on using Linux servers to help Windows desktop systems, Linux is beginning to find a home as a desktop OS. As a multipurpose OS, Linux can handle many desktop functions, and you may want to consider Linux in this role for many of the same reasons you’d consider Linux as a server OS—low cost, high reliability, remote administration capabilities, and so on. You might also want to use thin clients to access Linux, in which case this chapter applies to the system the thin clients access. Before deploying Linux as a desktop OS, though, you’ll have to know a bit about its capabilities in this role; that’s where this appendix comes in.
I begin with a look at Linux desktop applications, including a list of some common application categories and their Windows and Linux instantiations. Next is the issue of application configuration. This task is unusual in Linux because many applications, including the desktop environments that run when users log in, have both global and user configurations, so you may need to modify either type. Sometimes, you may find yourself unable to do what you want using native Linux applications, in which case Linux’s ability to run Windows applications is critical, so this issue is covered. Whether or not you can use Linux applications, your ability to access data can be important. This includes both filesystem access and file compatibility across applications. Next up is a common problem area for Linux desktop systems: font handling.
Any attempt to use Linux as a desktop OS ultimately requires Linux desktop applications that are acceptable for your intended purpose. Although tools to run Windows applications are available in Linux (as described later in the Section B.3), these solutions are imperfect. If all you do is run Windows programs, you might as well use Windows as your OS.
Fortunately, an array of desktop applications are available for Linux, as summarized in Table B-1. Of course, not all these components are exactly equivalent. For instance, some of the Linux applications, such as mutt and cdrecord, are command-line tools, whereas the Windows applications are overwhelmingly GUI in nature. Exact features also differ, of course, and, in some cases, the basic purpose of tools aren’t equivalent. For instance, mkisofs and cdrecord work together to create a CD-R, while X-CD-Roast and Eroaster provide GUI frontends to these tools. In Windows, CD-R creation tools are usually all-in-one packages that do everything. To learn more about any of these programs, perform a web search or check your Linux installation medium to see if the program comes with your distribution.
Table B-1. Application categories and exemplars
|
Application category |
Windows examples |
Linux examples |
|---|---|---|
|
Office Suite |
Microsoft Office, WordPerfect Office, StarOffice, OpenOffice.org |
OpenOffice.org, StarOffice, KOffice, GNOME Office |
|
Bitmap Graphics Editing |
Adobe Photoshop, the GIMP |
The GIMP |
|
Scanning Software |
TWAIN, VueScan |
SANE, Kooka, VueScan |
|
CD-R Creation |
Easy Media Creator Deluxe, Nero |
mkisofs, cdrecord, X-CD-Roast, Eroaster, K3b |
|
Multimedia Playback |
Windows Media Player, Winamp, Real |
XMMS, ALSA Player, mpg123, Real, xine |
|
PDF Creation and Viewing |
Acrobat and Acrobat Reader |
Ghostscript, Acrobat Reader, XPDF |
|
Web Browsing |
Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, Opera |
Mozilla, Firefox, Opera, Konqueror |
|
E-Mail Client |
Outlook and Outlook Express, Eudora, Netscape Mail |
Evolution, Netscape Mail, Thunderbird, KMail, pine, mutt |
|
Instant Messenging |
AIM, ICQ, MSN Messenger, Jabber, X-Chat |
GAIM, KAIM, talk, Kopete, X-Chat |
|
Web Site Creation |
FrontPage, Dreamweaver |
Quanta, Nvu |
If you don’t see an application category that you need in Table B-1, don’t panic! This table is intended to provide only a few quick pointers for some of the most common desktop tools. Try performing a web search on the category name and Linux. You might also check your distribution, particularly if it provides a GUI installation tool with categorized sets of software. Many Linux sites, such as http://www.linux.org, http://www.sourceforge.net, and http://www.freshmeat.net, also provide pointers to Linux software by category.
One critically important Linux desktop software component doesn’t appear in Table B-1: the desktop environment. This is a collection of tools—most are fairly small by themselves—that together create the familiar set of desktop icons, program-launch tools, and so on that users see when they log in to the computer. Windows provides only one common desktop environment, which is bundled into the OS. In Linux, you have a choice between GNOME, KDE, XFce, XPde, and others. This choice is covered in more detail in Section B.2.3.