- https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2017/09/21/heres-the-man-who-created-icos-and-this-is-the-new-token-hes-backing/#1191f6431183
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2014/06/03/mastercoin-maidsafe-crowdsale/#2b8c819d207d
- https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale/
- https://coinmarketcap.com/all/views/all/
- https://news.bitcoin.com/46-last-years-icos-failed-already/
- https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2016-who-gets-vc-funding/
- https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/who-wants-onecoin-millionaire-you-7346558
- https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/do-you-need-a-blockchain
- http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-price-what-is-a-saft-blockchain-the-crypto-fundraising-craze-shaking-up-venture-capital-2017-11
- https://coincenter.org/entry/sec-s-clayton-use-of-a-token-can-evolve-toward-or-away-from-being-a-security
- https://cointelegraph.com/news/unpacking-the-5-biggest-cryptocurrency-scams
- http://vietnamnews.vn/economy/426152/city-investigates-fraud-case.html#y6cCVwoFYZDJXsJH.97
- ]https://cointelegraph.com/news/investors-file-class-action-lawsuit-against-bitconnect-following-its-shutdown
- http://observer.com/2017/12/cryptocurrency-startup-centra-tech-sued-by-investors-over-ico-fraud/
- https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/the-dao-the-hack-the-soft-fork-and-the-hard-fork/
Table of Contents for
Blockchain Developer's Guide
Blockchain Developer's Guide
Published by
Packt Publishing, 2018
- Blockchain Developer's Guide
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Blockchain Developer's Guide
- About Packt
- Why subscribe?
- Packt.com
- Contributors
- About the authors
- Packt is searching for authors like you
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Who this book is for
- What this book covers
- To get the most out of this book
- Download the example code files
- Conventions used
- Get in touch
- Reviews
- Blockchain 101
- Processing a financial transaction
- Ledger
- Concept of a trustless system
- Introducing blockchain
- General elements of blockchain
- Peer-to-peer network
- Block
- Block header
- Addresses
- Wallets
- Transaction
- Nodes
- What does blockchain solve?
- Types of blockchains
- Public blockchain
- Semi-private blockchain
- Private blockchain
- Consortium blockchain
- Byzantine generals problem
- Consensus
- Blockchain in a nutshell
- Benefits
- Banking records
- Medical records
- Government records
- Creative and copyright records
- University degree records
- Challenges
- Complexity
- Network scalability
- Speed and cost
- Double spending
- Summary
- Components and Structure of Blockchain
- Blocks
- The chain between blocks
- Hashing and signatures
- Digital signatures
- What are digital keys?
- Example block data
- Example Ethereum block
- Bitcoin block
- Global state
- Block time and block size
- Blockchain miners
- Blockchain validators
- Smart contracts
- Blockchain speed
- How to calculate blockchain throughput
- Comparisons with traditional networks
- Summary
- Decentralization Versus Distributed Systems
- Distributed systems
- Resiliency
- Fault tolerance and failure isolation
- Consensus and coordination
- Backups
- Consistency
- Peer-to-peer systems
- Decentralized systems
- Principles of decentralized systems
- Open access
- Non-hierarchical
- Ecosystem diversity
- Transparency
- Downsides
- Speed
- Censorship resistance
- Chaos and non-determinism
- Summary
- Cryptography and Mechanics Behind Blockchain
- Principles of security
- Historical perspective – classical cryptography
- Types of cryptography
- Symmetric cryptography
- Asymmetric (public-key) cryptography
- Signatures
- Hashing
- The avalanche effect
- Collisions
- Hashing a block
- Hashing outside PoW
- Summary
- Bitcoin
- The history of Bitcoin
- Why Bitcoin is volatile
- Keys and addresses
- Currency units
- Vanity addresses
- Base58 check encoding
- Transactions
- Types
- Pay-to-Public-Key Hash
- Pay-to-Script Hash
- Blocks
- Genesis block
- Bitcoin network
- Types of nodes
- Full node
- Lightweight nodes
- Other nodes
- Network discovery
- Finding peers
- DNS seeds
- Static IPs
- Wallets
- Types
- Deterministic wallet
- Deterministic wallets
- HD wallets
- Non-deterministic wallet
- Summary
- Altcoins
- Introducing Altcoins
- Tokens
- Ethereum
- Omni Layer
- NEO
- Waves
- Counterparty
- Alternative currency
- Monetary alternatives
- Consensus alternatives
- Litecoin
- Ether
- Ripple
- Bitcoin Cash
- Acquiring cryptocurrency
- Mining of cryptocurrency
- Bitcoin mining
- Mining difficulty
- Mining pools
- Altcoin mining
- Cryptocurrency exchanges
- Cryptocurrency wallets
- Summary
- Achieving Consensus
- Practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm
- Byzantine faults
- How PBFT works
- Proof of Work
- How the PoW problem works in Bitcoin
- Proof of Stake
- The nothing-at-stake attack
- Variations
- Delegated Proof of Stake
- Tendermint consensus
- Proof of Authority
- Establishing authority
- Proof of Elapsed time
- Summary
- References
- Advanced Blockchain Concepts
- Blockchain and banks
- Unbanked – going pure crypto
- Fixing pegs
- Buying options
- Why regulated exchanges?
- Unbanked and unincorporated?
- The DAO
- Decentralizing an organization
- Putting a corporation on a blockchain
- Cutting out the middle man
- Providing capital
- Social purpose – blockchain as leveler
- Banking the unbanked
- Silk road LLC – privacy and ethics
- Tracking all the things
- Defeating some privacy issues with zero-knowledge proofs
- Unwrapping the concept of zero-knowledge proofs
- Summary
- Cryptocurrency Wallets
- Introduction to cryptocurrency wallets
- Transactions in cryptocurrency wallets
- Types of cryptocurrency wallets
- Currency support
- Tenancy
- Software wallets
- Hardware wallets
- Paper wallets
- Brain wallet
- Usage frequency
- Key derivation
- Non-deterministic wallet
- Deterministic wallets
- Hierarchical deterministic wallets
- Mnemonic codes
- Key generation process in HD wallets
- Child key derivation
- Private key generation
- Extended keys
- Summary
- Alternate Blockchains
- Various uses of blockchain
- Government
- Healthcare
- Medical research
- Supply chain
- Copyright
- Fine art
- Shipping
- Energy
- Computation and data storage
- Identification and social security
- Enterprise
- Ripple
- Transactions
- Stellar
- Tendermint
- Monax
- Summary
- Hyperledger and Enterprise Blockchains
- History of Hyperledger
- Hyperledger projects
- Hyperledger Burrow
- Hyperledger Sawtooth
- Sawtooth architecture
- Transaction families
- Transactions and batches
- The key pieces
- Hyperledger Fabric
- Architecture choices and features
- Organizational focus
- Private channels
- Assets
- Smart contracts
- Advantages of Fabric
- Hyperledger Iroha
- Hyperledger Indy
- Tools in Hyperledger
- Hyperledger Caliper
- Hyperledger Composer
- Hyperledger Cello
- Hyperledger Explorer
- Hyperledger Quilt
- Relationships between the tools
- Which Hyperledger project should you use?
- Using Hyperledger
- Summary
- Ethereum 101
- Introducing Ethereum
- Components of Ethereum
- Ethereum accounts
- Ethereum network
- Ethereum public MainNet
- Ethereum clients
- Geth
- Installing Geth
- Managing accounts
- Ethereum gas
- Ethereum virtual machine
- Execution environment
- Ethereum block
- Block header
- Ommers or uncles
- Messages
- Ethash
- Ether
- Procuring ether
- Trading
- Summary
- Solidity 101
- Basics of Solidity
- The basics of working on Solidity
- Using the compiler
- Programming in Solidity
- Laying out a Solidity file
- Importing files
- Commenting
- Tags
- Structure of a contract
- State variables
- Functions
- Function modifiers
- Events
- Types
- Value types
- Boolean
- Integers
- Address
- Array value type
- Literal
- Enums
- Function
- Function Modifiers
- Reference types
- Structs
- Data location
- Mapping
- Units and global variables
- Summary
- Smart Contracts
- Why smart contracts?
- Automating processes and resolutions between parties
- Real-world example
- Increased transparency
- Ending centralized data
- Increased fairness
- Smart contract approaches
- Example Ethereum smart contracts
- The promises
- Security considerations
- Dealing with threats in smart contracts
- Limitations of smart contracts
- Data quality and mistakes
- Legal validity
- Stability of meaning
- Summary
- References
- Ethereum Accounts and Ether Tokens
- Introducing Ethereum accounts
- Ethereum state transition function
- Genesis block
- Transaction receipts
- Elements
- Post-transaction state
- Gas used
- Set of logs
- The bloom filter
- Structure
- Transaction sub state
- Suicide set
- Log series
- Refund balance
- Messages
- Calls
- Ethereum block validation
- Uncles validation
- Block difficulty
- Block finalization
- Disadvantages of Ethereum-based tokens
- Summary
- Decentralized Applications
- What makes an application decentralized
- Defining a decentralized application
- Decentralized apps and blockchain
- Using blockchain does not make an application decentralized
- Major decentralized blockchain applications
- Aragon
- district0x
- What is a district?
- Ethereum name service
- Civic/uPort
- Gnosis
- Steemit
- CryptoKitties
- Summary
- References
- Mining
- Cryptocurrency mining
- The mining process
- Algorithms
- Mining hardware
- CPU-based mining
- GPU-based mining
- FPGA-based mining
- ASIC-based mining
- Miner types
- Cloud mining
- Hardware mining
- Mining rigs
- Mining pools
- Pay-per-share – PPS
- Proportional – PROP
- Pay-per-last-N-shares – PPLNS
- The double geometric method – DGM
- Shared maximum pay per share – SMPPS
- Equalized shared maximum pay per share – ESMPPS
- Recent shared maximum pay per share – RSMPPS
- Capped pay per share with recent backpay – CPPSRB
- Bitcoin pooled mining – BPM
- Pay on target – POT
- SCORE
- Popular pools
- Mining software
- Summary
- ICO 101
- The current state of the ICO market
- Increasing volume of ICOs
- Typical aspects of an ICO campaign
- Whitepaper
- Private placement
- Pre-sale
- Good pre-sale practices
- Public sale
- Capped sale
- Uncapped sale
- Dutch auction
- Influencer marketing
- PR campaigns
- Content marketing
- ICO reviewers
- Smart contract and prototype development
- Code audits
- Bounty campaigns
- Airdrops
- Road shows
- Issues with ICOs and blockchain projects
- Proof of product-market fit and traction
- Low barrier to entry
- Does a project really need the blockchain?
- Misleading token practices
- Legality
- Utility versus Security
- Other considerations
- Sustainability
- Advantages of ICOs
- Liquidity
- Lack of gatekeepers
- Minimal investment sizes
- Notable scams
- Onecoin
- Pincoin and iFan
- Bitconnect
- Other problems
- Major hacks
- The DAO
- Parity
- Securing an ICO
- SSH key locked servers
- DNS security
- Intrusion detection
- Purchase related domains
- Monitor social channels
- Multi-signature wallets
- Code audits
- Conclusion
- References
- Creating Your Own Currency
- Understanding types of cryptocurrency
- Tokens based on existing blockchains
- Creating a new blockchain from scratch
- A forked blockchain with one's own genesis block
- Litecoin's development
- The process
- Creating one's own cryptocurrency
- Setting up Litecoin
- Platform selection
- Preparation
- Dependency installation
- Build instructions
- Setting up our own coin
- Port selection
- The setting of block-related parameters
- Amount limit
- The coinbase maturity number
- Genesis block creation
- Wallet address
- Checkpoints
- Creatives and graphics
- Summing up
- Summary
- Scalability and Other Challenges
- Scalability and decentralization
- Blockchains in business
- Usability
- Lack of protection
- 51% attacks
- Network forks
- Catastrophic bugs
- Lack of interoperability
- Low availability of blockchain skills
- Privacy
- Energy consumption
- Summary
- References
- Future of Blockchain
- Ongoing fragmentation and specialization
- Video games
- Real estate
- Logistics
- Licensing
- Industry consortiums
- A large number of total-loss projects
- Legal and regulatory evolution
- Security token offerings
- Aggregate and insurance products
- Technological stabilization
- Ethereum and Hyperledger
- Service consolidation and product offerings
- Cross-chain communication
- Intersecting with AI and IoT
- Blockchain-intersecting AI
- Blockchain-intersecting IoT
- Summary
- Understanding Decentralized Applications
- Decentralized autonomous organization
- User identity in DApps
- User accounts in DApps
- Accessing the centralized apps
- Internal currency in DApps
- Disadvantages of internal currency in DApps
- What are permissioned DApps?
- Popular DApps
- Bitcoin
- What is a ledger?
- What is blockchain?
- Is Bitcoin legal?
- Why would someone use Bitcoin?
- Ethereum
- The Hyperledger project
- IPFS
- How does it work?
- Filecoin
- Namecoin
- .bit domains
- Dash
- Decentralized governance and budgeting
- Decentralized service
- BigChainDB
- OpenBazaar
- Ripple
- Summary
- Understanding How Ethereum Works
- Transactions
- Timestamp
- Nonce
- Block time
- Forking
- Genesis block
- Peer discovery
- Whisper and Swarm
- Ethereum Wallet
- Serenity
- Payment and state channels
- Proof-of-stake and casper
- Sharding
- Summary
- Writing Smart Contracts
- Solidity source files
- The structure of a smart contract
- Data location
- What are the different data types?
- Arrays
- Strings
- Structs
- Enums
- Mappings
- The delete operator
- Conversion between elementary types
- Using var
- Control structures
- Creating contracts using the new operator
- Exceptions
- External function calls
- Features of contracts
- Visibility
- Function modifiers
- The fallback function
- Inheritance
- The super keyword
- Abstract contracts
- Libraries
- Using for
- Returning multiple values
- Importing other Solidity source files
- Globally available variables
- Block and transaction properties
- Address type related
- Contract related
- Ether units
- Proof of existence, integrity, and ownership contract
- Compiling and deploying contracts
- Summary
- Getting Started with web3.js
- Introduction to web3.js
- Importing web3.js
- Connecting to nodes
- The API structure
- BigNumber.js
- Unit conversion
- Retrieving gas price, balance, and transaction details
- Sending ether
- Working with contracts
- Retrieving and listening to contract events
- Building a client for an ownership contract
- The project structure
- Building the backend
- Building the frontend
- Testing the client
- Summary
- Building a Wallet Service
- hooked-web3-provider and ethereumjs-tx libraries
- Introduction to LightWallet
- HD derivation path
- Building a wallet service
- Prerequisites
- Project structure
- Building the backend
- Building the frontend
- Testing
- Summary
- Building a Smart Contract Deployment Platform
- Calculating a transaction's nonce
- Introducing solcjs
- Installing solcjs
- solcjs APIs
- Using a different compiler version
- Linking libraries
- Updating the ABI
- Building a contract deployment platform
- The project structure
- Building the backend
- Building the frontend
- Testing
- Summary
- Building a Betting App
- Introduction to Oraclize
- How does it work?
- Data sources
- Proof of authenticity
- Pricing
- Getting started with the Oraclize API
- Setting the proof type and storage location
- Sending queries
- Scheduling queries
- Custom gas
- Callback functions
- Parsing helpers
- Getting the query price
- Encrypting queries
- Decrypting the data source
- Oraclize web IDE
- Working with strings
- Building the betting contract
- Building a client for the betting contract
- Projecting the structure
- Building the backend
- Building the frontend
- Testing the client
- Summary
- Building Enterprise Level Smart Contracts
- Exploring ethereumjs-testrpc
- Installation and usage
- The testrpc command-line application
- Using ethereumjs-testrpc as a web3 provider or as an HTTP server
- Available RPC methods
- What are event topics?
- Getting started with truffle-contract
- Installing and importing truffle-contract
- Setting up a testing environment
- The truffle-contract API
- The contract abstraction API
- Creating contract instances
- The contract instance API
- Introduction to truffle
- Installing truffle
- Initializing truffle
- Compiling contracts
- Configuration files
- Deploying contracts
- Migration files
- Writing migrations
- Unit testing contracts
- Writing tests in JavaScript
- Writing tests in Solidity
- How to send ether to a test contract
- Running tests
- Package management
- Package management via NPM
- Package management via EthPM
- Using contracts of packages within your contracts
- Using artifacts of packages within your JavaScript code
- Accessing a package's contracts deployed addresses in Solidity
- Using truffle's console
- Running external scripts in truffle's context
- Truffle's build pipeline
- Running an external command
- Running a custom function
- Truffle's default builder
- Building a client
- Truffle's server
- Summary
- Building a Consortium Blockchain
- What is a consortium blockchain?
- What is Proof-of-Authority consensus?
- Introduction to parity
- Understanding how Aura works
- Getting parity running
- Installing rust
- Linux
- OS X
- Windows
- Downloading, installing and running parity
- Creating a private network
- Creating accounts
- Creating a specification file
- Launching nodes
- Connecting nodes
- Permissioning and privacy
- Summary
- Other Books You May Enjoy
- Leave a review - let other readers know what you think