A

1. Abstract machines

2. Abstract syntax tree

3. Accessing code

   1. header files

4. Addressing

   1. base-indexed with scale and displacement

   2. direct

   3. immediate

   4. indirect addressing

5. Address space

6. Address space layout randomization (ASLR)

7. Alignment

8. Address translation process

   1. DEP and EXB

   2. page table entry

   3. PML4

   4. segmentation faults

   5. TLB

9. Array

   1. defined

   2. initializers

   3. memory allocators

   4. summation functionality

      1. bug

      2. const qualifiers

10. Assembly code

    1. dictionary implementation

    2. dynamic library

    3. GCC and NASM

11. Assembly language

    1. constant precomputation

    2. endianness

    3. function calls

    4. instruction

       1. mov

       2. syscall

    5. label

    6. output register

       1. local labels

       2. rax value

       3. relative addressing

    7. pointer

    8. string length computation

    9. strings

12. Assembly preprocessor

    1. conditionals

    2. %define

    3. macros with arguments

13. Assertions

B

1. Backus-Naur form (BNF)

2. Binutils

3. BitMaP (BMP) format

4. BNF (Backus-Naur form)

5. Booleans

6. Branch prediction

7. Breakpoint

C

1. C

   1. C89

   2. compilation

   3. control flow

      1. fibonacci series

      2. for

      3. switch

      4. while

   4. dangling else

   5. data types

   6. Duff’s device

   7. expressions

   8. function

   9. main function

   10. preprocessor

       1. block

       2. #define

       3. #endif

       4. #ifndef

       5. #include

   11. program structure

   12. statements

       1. block

2. C11

   1. alignment

3. Caching

   1. binary search, prefetching

   2. cache-lines

   3. cache-miss

   4. LL-cache

   5. matrix initialization

   6. memory

   7. memory bypassing

   8. prefetching

   9. use case

4. Calling convention

   1. variable arguments count

      1. ellipsis

5. Calling function

6. Chomsky hierarchy

7. CISC

8. C11 memory model

   1. atomics

   2. Intel 64

   3. memory ordering

   4. operations

9. Code models

   1. kernel

   2. large

      1. PIC

      2. without PIC

   3. medium

      1. PIC

      2. without PIC

   4. small

      1. PIC

      2. without PIC

10. Code reusability

11. Coding style

    1. characteristics

    2. file structure

    3. functions

    4. integer types

    5. naming

    6. types

    7. variables

12. Compilation process

    1. preprocessor

1. translation

1. Compiler

2. Condition variables

3. const types

4. Context-free grammars

5. Context-sensitive grammars

D

1. Data Execution Prevention (DEP)

2. Data models

3. Data streams

4. Data structure padding

5. Data types

   1. static weak typing

   2. strong typing

   3. weak typing

6. Deadlocks

7. Debugging

8. Declarations

   1. forward declaration

   2. functions

   3. incomplete type

   4. structure

9. Descriptor Privilege Level

10. Directive

11. Distributed factorization

12. Dynamic array

    1. scanf function

13. Dynamic library

    1. calling function

    2. .dynstr

    3. .dynsym

    4. .hash

    5. optimizations

14. Dynamic linker

15. Dynamic Memory Allocation

E

1. ELF (Executable and Linkable Format)

   1. file type

   2. headers

      1. .dynstr

      2. .dynsym

      3. .hash

      4. execution view

      5. linking view

   3. Program Header Table

   4. section controls

   5. sections

      1. .bss

      2. .data

      3. .debug

      4. .dynstr

      5. .dynsym

      6. execution view

      7. .fini

      8. .hash

      9. .init

      10. .line

      11. linking view

      12. .rel.data

      13. .rel.text

      14. .rodata

      15. .strtab

      16. .symtab

      17. .text

   6. section table

   7. segments

   8. structure

2. Encapsulation

3. Enumerations

4. Error handling

5. Executable object file

6. Execution unit

7. External variable, access

F

1. Fibonacci series

2. File

3. File descriptor

4. Files and documentation

5. File structure

6. Finite state machines

   1. bits parity

   2. definition

   3. limitation

   4. regular expressions

   5. undefined behavior

   6. verification techniques

7. Forbidden address

8. Formal grammars

   1. arithmetics

   2. arithmetics with priorities

   3. Chomsky hierarchy

   4. imperative language

   5. natural numbers

   6. nonterminals

   7. recursive descent

   8. symbols

   9. terminals

9. Forth machine

   1. architecture

   2. bootstrap

   3. compilation

   4. compiler

   5. conditional

   6. dictionary

   7. execution token,113–114

   8. immediate flag

   9. immediate words

   10. indirect threaded code

   11. inner interpreter

   12. native word

   13. outer interpreter

   14. PC

   15. PC register

   16. pseudocode

   17. quadratic equation manipulation

   18. static dictionary

   19. word list

   20. words implementation

   21. W register

10. Forward declaration

11. Function

12. Functional types

13. Function calling sequence

    1. callee-saved register

    2. caller-saved register

    3. calling convention

    4. red zone

    5. return address

    6. return a value

    7. system calls

    8. variable arguments count

    9. vprintf

    10. XMM registers

14. Function prototypes

G

1. gdb

   1. autocompletion

   2. breakpoint

   3. call stack

   4. commands

   5. FMT

   6. -ggdb

   7. Intel syntax

   8. rax register

   9. stack

2. Global Descriptor Table (GDT)

3. Global Offset Table

4. Good code practices

H

1. Header files

2. Heap

3. Higher-order functions

I, J

1. Image rotation

   1. architecture

   2. BitMaP (BMP) format

2. Immutability

3. Implicit conversions

4. Include guard

5. Incomplete type

6. Indirect threaded code

7. Inline

8. Input/output (I/O) ports

   1. tr register

9. Instruction cache

10. Instruction decoder

11. Integer promotion

12. Intel 64

    1. architecture

    2. bugs

    3. constraints

    4. main function

    5. reordering

13. Interrupts

    1. #BP

    2. descriptor

    3. error code

    4. #GP

    5. IDTR register

    6. interrupt descriptor

    7. Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT)

    8. interrupt handler

    9. interrupt stack table

    10. iretq instruction

    11. #PF

14. Intermediate Representation (IR)

K

1. Kernel code model

L

1. Lazy Memory Allocation

2. LD_PRELOAD

3. Legacy processor modes

   1. long

   2. protected

   3. real mode

4. Lexical analysis

5. Library

6. Linkage

7. Linked list

8. Linked objects

9. Linker

   1. symbol

10. Linking

    1. alignment

    2. libraries

1. Livelocks

2. Loader

3. Locality of reference

4. Lock-free programming

5. Logical address

6. Long mode

   1. segmentation

7. longjmp

   1. See alsosetjmp

8. lvalue

   1. expression

   2. statement

M

1. Machine word

2. Macro expansion

3. Macro instances

4. Macros

5. Main function

6. Makefile

   1. automatic variables

7. malloc implementation

8. Map-reduce technique

9. Memory allocation

   1. automatic

   2. dynamic

   3. static

10. Memory Allocator

11. Memory barrier

12. Memory leak

13. Memory Management Unit (MMU)

14. Memory map/mapping

    1. null terminated string

15. Memory model

    1. allocation, dynamic

    2. memory leak

    3. void* pointer

16. Memory region

17. Model of computation

18. Model-Specific Registers (MSR)

19. Module

20. Multithreading

    1. execution order

    2. memory barrier

    3. POSIXthreads

1. process

2. reordering

3. strong and weak memory model

4. thread

5. use case

6. volatile

1. Mutexes

N

1. Namespaces

2. Naming convention

3. Natural numbers

4. Non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA)

5. Numeric types

O

1. Object file

2. Operator sizeof

3. Optimizations

   1. branch prediction

   2. compiler flags

   3. constant propagation

   4. execution unit

   5. grouping reads and writes

   6. low-level

   7. performance tests

   8. profiler

   9. return value

   10. stack frame pointer omission

   11. subexpressions elimination

   12. tail recursion

P, Q

1. Parser combinators

2. Parsing complex definition

3. Physical address

4. Pointer arithmetic

5. Pointers

   1. array

   2. function

   3. NULL

   4. ptrdiff_t

   5. void*

6. Polymorphism

   1. coercions

   2. definition

   3. inclusion

   4. overloading

   5. parametric

7. Position independent code (PIC)

8. Pragmatics

   1. alignment

   2. data structure padding

9. Preloading

10. Preprocessor

    1. condition

       1. argument type

       2. on definition

       3. text identity

    2. %define

    3. #define directive

    4. evaluation order

    5. #ifdef

    6. include guard

    7. labels inside macros

    8. pitfalls

    9. #pragma once

    10. repetition

    11. substitutions

        1. with arguments

        2. conditionals

        3. macros

    12. symbols

11. Prime number

12. Prime number checker

13. Procedure

14. Programming language

15. Protected mode

    1. far jump

    2. GDT/LDT

    3. RPL

    4. segment descriptor

    5. segment selector

16. Protection rings

    1. #BP

    2. #GP

    3. #PF

    4. #UD

17. Pthreads

    1. condition variables

    2. deadlocks

    3. distributed factorization

    4. joinable thread

    5. livelocks

    6. multithreading, use case

    7. mutexes

    8. semaphore

    9. set attributes function

    10. spinlocks

    11. synchronization

    12. threads, creation

18. ptrdiff_t

R

1. Real mode

   1. segment

   2. segment registers

2. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

3. Registers

   1. advantages

   2. callee-saved

   3. CISC and RISC

   4. instruction decoder

   5. locality of reference

   6. rax decomposition

   7. rflags

   8. rip

   9. rsi and rdi decomposition

   10. rsp and rbp decomposition

   11. segment

4. Regular expressions

5. Relocatable object files

6. Relocations

7. Relocation table

8. Reenterable

9. restrict

10. rvalue

    1. See alsolvalue

S

1. scanf

2. Scalar product

3. Security

   1. address space

   2. DEP

   3. format output functions

   4. return-to-libc

   5. stack buffer overrun

4. Security cookie

5. Segmentation faults

6. Segment selector

7. Semantics

   1. implementation-defined behavior

   2. sequence points

   3. undefined behavior

   4. unspecified behavior

8. Semaphore

9. setjmp

   1. See alsolongjmp

   2. longjmp

   3. volatile

10. Shadow register

11. Shared object file

    1. lookup scope

12. Shellcode

13. SIMD Instruction Class

14. Signal

    1. SIGSEGV

15. sizeof

16. Source file structure

17. Spatial locality

18. Speedup

19. Spinlocks

20. SSE and AVX extensions

    1. addps and movdqa

    2. ALUs

    3. AVX

    4. movdqa and mulps

    5. packed

    6. sepia filter

21. Standard library

22. Statements

23. Static

24. Static keyword

25. Static libraries

26. stderr

27. stdin

28. stdout

29. Strict aliasing rule

30. String interning

31. String length manipulation

32. String literals

33. Strings

    1. null-terminated

34. Structures

35. Symbol resolution

36. Symbol table

37. Syntax

    1. abstract

    2. concrete

38. sysret

39. System calls

    1. close

    2. exit

    3. mmap

    4. model-specific registers

    5. munmap

    6. open

    7. read

    8. write

T

1. Task State Segment (TSS)

2. Temporal locality

3. Tokens

4. Translation

5. Translation Lookaside Buffer

6. Type alias

7. Type casting

8. typedef

9. Type system

   1. booleans

   2. implicit conversions

   3. numeric types

   4. pointers

   5. type casting

10. Typing

    1. dynamic typing

    2. explicit typing

    3. implicit typing

    4. static typing

    5. weak typing

U

1. Undefined behavior

2. Unions

V, W

1. Verification

2. Virtual address

   1. canonical address

3. Virtual memory

   1. address space

   2. address translation process

      1. PML4

   3. allocation

   4. bus error

   5. caching

   6. efficiency

   7. forbidden address access

   8. mapping

1. memory map

2. page

   1. anonymous pages

   2. frame

   3. sizes

3. region

4. replacement strategies

5. swap file

6. virtual address structure

7. working set

1. Volatile memory allocation

2. Volatile variables

   1. GCC

   2. pointer

3. von Neumann architecture

   1. advantages

   2. assembly language

   3. extensions

   4. hardware stack

   5. interrupts

   6. memory

   7. protection rings

   8. registers

   9. virtual memory

X, Y, Z

1. XMM registers