Table of Contents for
Learn Linux Shell Scripting - Fundamentals of Bash 4.4

Version ebook / Retour

Cover image for bash Cookbook, 2nd Edition Learn Linux Shell Scripting - Fundamentals of Bash 4.4 by Sebastiaan Tammer Published by Packt Publishing, 2018
  1. Learn Linux Shell Scripting - Fundamentals of Shell 4.4
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright and Credits
  4. Learn Linux Shell Scripting – Fundamentals of Bash 4.4
  5. About Packt
  6. Why subscribe?
  7. PacktPub.com
  8. Contributors
  9. About the author
  10. About the reviewer
  11. Packt is searching for authors like you
  12. Table of Contents
  13. Preface
  14. Who this book is for
  15. What this book covers
  16. To get the most out of this book
  17. Download the example code files
  18. Download the color images
  19. Conventions used
  20. Get in touch
  21. Reviews
  22. Disclaimer
  23. Introduction
  24. What is Linux?
  25. What is Bash?
  26. Summary
  27. Setting Up Your Local Environment
  28. Technical requirements
  29. Choosing between a virtual machine and a physical installation
  30. Setting up VirtualBox
  31. Creating an Ubuntu virtual machine
  32. Creating the virtual machine in VirtualBox
  33. Installing Ubuntu on the virtual machine
  34. Accessing the virtual machine via SSH
  35. Summary
  36. Questions
  37. Further reading
  38. Choosing the Right Tools
  39. Technical requirements
  40. Using graphical editors for shell scripting
  41. Atom
  42. Atom installation and configuration
  43. Notepad++
  44. Using command-line editors
  45. Vim
  46. Vim summary
  47. .vimrc
  48. Vim cheat sheet
  49. nano
  50. Combining graphical editors with command-line editors when writing shell scripts
  51. Summary
  52. Questions
  53. Further reading
  54. The Linux Filesystem
  55. Technical requirements
  56. The Linux filesystem explained
  57. What is a filesystem?
  58. What makes the Linux filesystem unique?
  59. Structure of the Linux filesystem
  60. Tree structure
  61. Overview of top-level directories
  62. What about multiple partitions?
  63. /bin/, /sbin/, and /usr/
  64. /etc/
  65. /opt/, /tmp/, and /var/
  66. Everything is a file
  67. Different types of files
  68. Summary
  69. Questions
  70. Further reading
  71. Understanding the Linux Permissions Scheme
  72. Technical requirements
  73. Read, write, and execute
  74. RWX
  75. Users, groups, and others
  76. Manipulating file permissions and ownership
  77. chmod, umask
  78. sudo, chown, and chgrp
  79. sudo
  80. chown, chgrp
  81. Working with multiple users
  82. Advanced permissions
  83. File attributes
  84. Special file permissions
  85. Access Control Lists (ACLs)
  86. Summary
  87. Questions
  88. Further reading
  89. File Manipulation
  90. Technical requirements
  91. Common file operations
  92. Copying
  93. Removing
  94. Renaming, moving, and linking
  95. Archiving
  96. Finding files
  97. locate
  98. find
  99. Summary
  100. Questions
  101. Further reading
  102. Hello World!
  103. Technical requirements
  104. First steps
  105. The shebang
  106. Running scripts
  107. Readability
  108. Comments
  109. Script header
  110. Verbosity
  111. Verbosity in comments
  112. Verbosity of commands
  113. Verbosity of command output
  114. Keep It Simple, Stupid (KISS)
  115. Summary
  116. Questions
  117. Further reading
  118. Variables and User Input
  119. Technical requirements
  120. What is a variable?
  121. Why do we need variables?
  122. Variables or constants?
  123. Variable naming
  124. Dealing with user input
  125. Basic input
  126. Parameters and arguments
  127. Interactive versus non-interactive scripts
  128. Combining positional arguments and read
  129. Summary
  130. Questions
  131. Further reading
  132. Error Checking and Handling
  133. Technical requirements
  134. Error checking
  135. Exit status
  136. Functional checks
  137. Test shorthand
  138. Variable refresher
  139. Bash debugging
  140. Error handling
  141. if-then-exit
  142. if-then-else
  143. Shorthand syntax
  144. Error prevention
  145. Checking arguments
  146. Managing absolute and relative paths
  147. Dealing with y/n
  148. Summary
  149. Questions
  150. Further reading
  151. Regular Expressions
  152. Technical requirements
  153. Introducing regular expressions
  154. What is a regular expression?
  155. grep
  156. Greediness
  157. Character matching
  158. Line anchors
  159. Character classes
  160. Globbing
  161. What is globbing?
  162. Similarities with regular expressions
  163. More globbing
  164. Advanced globbing
  165. Disabling globbing, and other options
  166. Using regular expressions with egrep and sed
  167. Advanced grep
  168. Introducing egrep
  169. sed, the stream editor
  170. Stream editing
  171. In-place editing
  172. Line manipulation
  173. Final remarks
  174. Summary
  175. Questions
  176. Further reading
  177. Conditional Testing and Scripting Loops
  178. Technical requirements
  179. Advanced if-then-else
  180. A recap on if-then-else 
  181. Using regular expressions in tests
  182. The elif condition
  183. Nesting
  184. Getting help
  185. The while loop
  186. The until loop
  187. Creating an interactive while loop
  188. The for loop
  189. Globbing and the for loop
  190. Loop control
  191. Breaking the loop
  192. The continue keyword
  193. Loop control and nesting
  194. Summary
  195. Questions
  196. Further reading
  197. Using Pipes and Redirection in Scripts
  198. Technical requirements
  199. Input/output redirection
  200. File descriptors
  201. Redirecting output
  202. stdout
  203. stderr
  204. Redirect all output
  205. Special output redirection
  206. /dev/null
  207. /dev/zero
  208. Input redirection
  209. Generating a password
  210. Advanced redirecting
  211. Redirecting redirections
  212. Command substitution
  213. Process substitution
  214. Pipes
  215. Binding stdout to stdin
  216. Practical examples
  217. Yet another password generator
  218. Setting passwords in a script
  219. tee
  220. Here documents
  221. Heredocs and variables
  222. Using heredocs for script input
  223. Here strings
  224. Summary
  225. Questions
  226. Further reading
  227. Functions
  228. Technical requirements
  229. Functions explained
  230. Hello world!
  231. More complexity
  232. Variable scopes
  233. Practical examples
  234. Error handling
  235. Augmenting functions with parameters
  236. Colorful
  237. Returning values
  238. Function libraries
  239. Source
  240. More practical examples
  241. Current working directory
  242. Type checking
  243. Yes-no check
  244. Summary
  245. Questions
  246. Further reading
  247. Scheduling and Logging
  248. Technical requirements
  249. Scheduling with at and cron
  250. at
  251. Time syntax
  252. The at queue
  253. at output
  254. cron
  255. crontab
  256. Syntax for the crontab
  257. Logging script results
  258. Crontab environment variables
  259. PATH
  260. SHELL
  261. MAILTO
  262. Logging with redirection
  263. Final logging considerations
  264. A note on verbosity
  265. Summary
  266. Questions
  267. Further reading
  268. Parsing Bash Script Arguments with getopts
  269. Technical requirements
  270. Positional parameters versus flags
  271. Using flags on the command line
  272. The getopts shell builtin
  273. The getopts syntax
  274. Multiple flags
  275. Flags with arguments
  276. Combining flags with positional arguments
  277. Summary
  278. Questions
  279. Further reading
  280. Bash Parameter Substitution and Expansion
  281. Technical requirements
  282. Parameter expansion
  283. Parameter substitutions – recap
  284. Default values
  285. Input checking
  286. Parameter length
  287. Variable manipulation
  288. Pattern substitution
  289. Pattern removal
  290. Case modification
  291. Substring expansion
  292. Summary
  293. Questions
  294. Further reading
  295. Tips and Tricks with Cheat Sheet
  296. Technical requirements
  297. General tips and tricks
  298. Arrays
  299. The history command
  300. Creating your own aliases
  301. Command-line shortcuts
  302. Fun with exclamation marks
  303. Running commands from the history
  304. Keyboard shortcuts
  305. Copying and pasting from the terminal
  306. Reverse search
  307. Cheat sheet for interactive commands
  308. Navigation
  309. cd
  310. ls
  311. pwd
  312. File manipulation
  313. cat
  314. less
  315. touch
  316. mkdir
  317. cp
  318. rm
  319. mv
  320. ln
  321. head
  322. tail
  323. Permissions and ownership
  324. chmod
  325. umask
  326. chown
  327. chgrp
  328. sudo
  329. su
  330. useradd
  331. groupadd
  332. usermod
  333. Summary
  334. Final words
  335. Assessments
  336. Chapter 2
  337. Chapter 3
  338. Chapter 4
  339. Chapter 5
  340. Chapter 6
  341. Chapter 7
  342. Chapter 8
  343. Chapter 9
  344. Chapter 10
  345. Chapter 11
  346. Chapter 12
  347. Chapter 13
  348. Chapter 14
  349. Chapter 15
  350. Chapter 16
  351. Other Books You May Enjoy
  352. Leave a review - let other readers know what you think

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Introduction, primes you for the remainder of the book. Aided by some background in Linux and Bash, you should be better able to understand how and why shell scripting can provide clear benefits to you.

Chapter 2, Setting Up Your Local Environment, helps you to prepare your local machine for the examples and exercises throughout the rest of the book. You will be shown how to set up an Ubuntu 18.04 Linux virtual machine on your local machine, using VirtualBox. This virtual machine will be used to write, run, and debug commands and scripts in this book.

Chapter 3, Choosing the Right Tools, introduces you to the tools that will be used to write shell scripts. Two different kinds of tools will be described: IDE editors (Atom, Notepad++), and terminal-based editors (vim and nano). You will be encouraged to initially write scripts in an IDE, and troubleshoot scripts in a terminal-based editor, to most resemble real-world use.

Chapter 4, The Linux Filesystem, coves how the Linux filesystem is organized by exploring the virtual machine created in the previous chapters. You will achieve this by performing your first command-line actions, such as cd, pwd, and ls. Context regarding the different structures will be provided so that you can use this information when writing scripts. And, most importantly, the concept of everything is a file will be explained.

Chapter 5, Understanding the Linux Permissions Scheme, gets you acquainted with permissions under Linux, once again by exploring the virtual machine. Commands such as sudo, chmod, and chown will be used to interactively learn about file and directory privileges. The skills acquired in this chapter will be heavily used in shell scripting, so it is imperative that you gain exposure to both the successful execution of commands as well as failure messages.

Chapter 6, File Manipulation, introduces you to the most relevant file manipulation commands, including the most commonly used flags and modifiers for those commands. This will be achieved by means of commands inside the virtual machine.

Chapter 7, Hello World!, educates you in terms of thinking ahead and developing good habits when it comes to writing scripts. You will write your first actual shell script during this chapter.

Chapter 8, Variables and User Input, introduces you to variables and user input. You will see how parameters are used by Bash, and where the differences lie between parameters and arguments. User input will be handled and used to produce new functions in your scripts. Finally, the difference between interactive and non-interactive scripts will be clarified and discussed.

Chapter 9, Error Checking and Handling, gets you familiar with (user) input, and error checking and handling. Introducing user input into a script is bound to result in more errors, unless the script specifically deals with the possibility of users submitting incorrect or unexpected input. You will learn how to best deal with this.

Chapter 10Regular Expressionsgets you familiar with regular expressions, which are often used in shell scripting. The most common patterns and uses for these regular expressions will be presented. Basic usage of sed will be covered in this chapter, complementing regular expression explanations.

Chapter 11, Conditional Testing and Scripting Loops, discusses the different kind of loops and the relevant control structures that are used in shell scripting with Bash.

Chapter 12Using Pipes and Redirection in Scripts, introduces you to redirection on Linux. This chapter will start with the basic input/output redirection, before continuing to stream redirection and pipes.

Chapter 13Functionsintroduces you to functions. Functions will be presented as blocks of code that are grouped together in such a way that they can be reused, often with different arguments, to produce a slightly different end result. You will learn to understand the benefit to reusing code, and planning scripts accordingly.

Chapter 14Scheduling and Logging, teaches you how to schedule scripts and how to make sure these scheduled scripts perform the task they were intended for, by using the crontab and the at command, coupled with proper logging.

Chapter 15, Parsing Bash Script Arguments with getopts, helps you to improve your scripts by adding flags instead of positional parameters, thereby making the scripts much easier to use.

Chapter 16Bash Parameter Substitution and Expansion, shows how previous patterns used in earlier scripts can be optimized by means of parameter expansion, substitution, and variable manipulation.

Chapter 17Tips and Tricks with Cheat Sheet, provides you with some handy tips and tricks that are not necessarily used in Bash scripts, but that are very convenient when working on the terminal. For the most frequently used commands, a cheat sheet containing the most interesting flags and options will be provided so that you can use this chapter as reference while scripting.